We moved beyond traditional time-based bars and implemented event-driven bars to extract hidden market structures:

  1. Volatility Bars → Sampled bars when market volatility exceeded a threshold.
  2. Dollar Bars → Sampled bars when cumulative traded value reached a set amount.
  3. Entropy-Based Bars → Sampled bars based on information content (Shannon entropy).
  4. Neural Spike Bars → Triggered bars when momentum resembled neuron firings.
  5. Fractal Bars → Sampled bars based on self-similarity patterns (Hurst exponent).

We engineered new financial features from signal processing, information theory, and nonlinear dynamics:

  • Shannon Entropy → Measures randomness in price movements.
  • Hurst Exponent → Detects whether markets are trending or mean-reverting.
  • Wavelet Energy → Captures multi-scale price movement patterns.
  • Momentum Spike Indicator → Identifies strong market moves.
  • Cumulative Dollar Volume → Tracks liquidity shifts.